The computational method based on using the operational matrix of an orthogonal function for solving variational problems is computer-oriented. In this approach, a truncated Hartley series together with the operational matrix of integration and integration of the cross product of two case vectors are used for finding the solution of variational problems. Two illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.

A numerical method for solving variational problems is presented in this paper. The method is based upon hybrid of Hartley functions approximations. The properties of hybrid functions which are the combinations of block-pulse functions and Hartley functions are first presented. The operational matrix of integration is then utilized to reduce the variational problems to the solution of algebraic equations. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.

In survey sampling, most of the research work based on the fact that utilizing the information of auxiliary variable(s) boosts the efficiency of estimators. Keeping this fact in mind we used the information of two auxiliary variables to propose a family of Hartley-Ross type unbiased estimators for estimating population mean under simple random sampling without replacement. Minimum variance of the new family is derived up to first order of approximation. Three real data sets are used to verify that the new family acts efficiently than the usual unbiased, Hartley and Ross (1954), Grover and Kaur (2014), Singh et al. (2014), Cekim and Kadilar (2016), Muneer et al. (2017) and Shabbir and Gupta (2017) estimators.

A field-based experiment was carried out in Rukum (East), Nepal, from February to June 2020, to assess the effect of different methods and dates of grafting on the graft take rate of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L. ) in field condition. The experiment comprised ten treatments with combination of two factors. The two factors included the grafting dates including: 13th, 19th, and 26th of February, 4th and 11th of March and grafting methods including: outdoor grafting and bench grafting (tongue grafting in both). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The findings revealed that bench grafting resulted in significantly better outputs than outdoor method for length of scion (at 30 and 60 days after grafting) and graft take rates. Bench grafting showed 44% graft take followed by outdoor grafting (38% graft take). Plants grafted on 13th and 19th of February showed statistically better results for growth performance over the other dates. Plants grafted on 19th of February showed 67% graft take with 53% saleable plants, but statistically similar to the plants grafted on 13th and 26th of February. The earliest bud burst was observed in plants grafted on 13th and 19th of February in 31 and 33 days, respectively. Bench grafting on 19th February showed significantly higher length of scion (16. 4 cm) at 60 days after grafting. However, non-significant results were seen for other parameters due to the interaction. Therefore, bench grafting on 13th, 19th and 26th of February led to the best graft take in Persian Walnut. Abbreviations: CV: Coefficient of Variation, LSD: Least Significant Difference, ha: hectare, mt: Metric tons, PMAMP: Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project, RCBD: Randomized Complete Block Design, SEm: Standard Error of Mean.

Background: Thyroid resection surgeries used to treat many thyroid diseases may be performed as a total or subtotal thyroidectomy. This study aimed to compare two methods of subtotal thyroidectomy (omission from both sides) with the Hartley-Dunhill procedure in patients with thyroid diseases. Methods: In this retrospective study, the records of all patients who underwent thyroidectomy between 2017 and 2018 were evaluated. Demographic information (age and sex) of patients, initial diagnosis and pathology, type of surgery, serum calcium level on the fourth day after surgery, parathyroid nerve damage, and hematoma were collected using patients’,files. Finally, complications in the two groups were measured. Results: A total number of 100 patients, including 67 female (67%) and 33 male (33%) individuals, were studied. The mean age of patients in the Hartley-Dunhill subtotal thyroidectomy group was 12. 65±, 40. 75 years and in the non-Hartley-Dunhill surgery group was 12. 86±, 38. 91 years. There was no association between two groups in terms of indications of surgery (P=0. 235), postoperative pathology (P=0. 754), postoperative hematoma (P=0. 11), postoperative recurrence (P=0. 714), and the postoperative calcium level (P=0. 816). However, the difference in recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurrence was statistically significant between the groups (P=0. 03). Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the groups regarding complications of the surgery, except nerve damage, and the recurrence rate in both methods was clinically pretty low.

Introduction: Strawberry is one of the native and small fruits of moderate regions, which its cultivation has been increased in all over the world including Iran. Due to the abundance of vitamin C and mineral materials, it is very useful for some diseaseses. Lack of the knowledge in production management, harvesting, cooling, transportion, storage, marketing and processing equipments and connection between these different parts are the main problems throgh industrial production of strawberry fruit (Salami et al., 2010). According to the various studies, the parameters such as color, shape, size and mass are not sufficient for the consumer to purchase the fruit (Abbot, 1991). They would like to have more information about the fruit which is supposed to be purchased (Voca et al., 2008). Several researchers have been investigated physical and chemical properties of different varieties of strawberry fruit (Wojdylo et al., 2009; Salamat, 2011; Nemzer et al., 2018). According to the litrature, any international standard classification for Parus strawberry (which is mostly cultivated in Iran) based on physical and chemical was not found. In this study, some physical, mechanical and chemical properties of strawberry fruit Parus variety, as well as the relationship between them, were investigated. The classification was performed based on the appearance features including color and size with the opinion of the expert in six classes. Materials and methods: In Kurdistan province strawberry fruit is often grown in open area and cultivated areas of Parus variety due to many reasons are increasing. To classify the strawberries, six classes were considered. Physical and mechanical properties such as dimensions, density, porosity, stiffness and biological yield point were measured at least at five replications. The porosity of the strawberries was also calculated through the division of the difference between actual and apparent density to actual density. Also, the stiffness and biological yield point were measured using Universal Instron Testing Machine (Zwick/Roll). Chemical properties of Parus strawberry including vitamin C, acidity, total soluble solids and flavor index were investigated at five replications. Results and discussions: The analysis of variance showed that all chemical properties including ascorbic acid, acidity, total soluble solids, and flavor index, were strongly influenced by the class. The LSD mean comparison showed that the highest levels of vitamin C were related to the ripe fruits which had a direct relationship with fruit size. The acidity values between the classes varied from 0. 55 to 1. 08, and the lowest value was related to the first, second and third classes, respectively. The total soluble solid material (TSS) was affected by some factors: sugar (as main part), organic acid and organic pectins and was increased by growing strawberries and increasing the amount of sugar. For the first, second and third classes, TSS was higher than those of the fourth, fifth and sixth clases. The flavor index value for the lower classes (first, second and third) is higher than the higher classes (almost 2 times). The analysis of variance for all physical and mechanical properties indicated that all parameters are affected by the classes. Due to its more soluble materials, the maximum value for actual density was related to the third and second classes, respectively. The apparent density of agricultural products depends on various factors such as geometric shape, size, surface properties, moisture content and measurement method. The apparent density for the first and fourth classes were 561. 743 and 498. 408 gr. mm-3, respectively. The maximum and minimum value of stiffness was related to first (about 5. 2 N. mm-2 ) and fourth (about 28. 2 N. mm-2 ), respectively. For biological yield the maximumvalue was related to the fourth class, as well. Conclusion: In this study, the classification of strawberry, variety of Parus was investigated based on physical, mechanical and chemical properties. All properties were affected by changing the classes. The results of this research can be used to design and construct post-harvest and sorting mechanisms of agricultural products which require comprehensive information about physical, mechanical, chemical properties.

The Hartley transform, a real-valued alternative to the complex Fourier transform, is presented as an efficient tool for the analysis and simulation of earthquake accelerograms. This paper is introduced a novel method based on discrete Hartley transform (DHT) and radial basis function (RBF) neural network for generation of artificial earthquake accelerograms from specific target spectrums. Acceleration time histories of horizontal earthquake ground motion are obtained by the capability of learning of RBF neural network to expand the knowledge of the inverse mapping from the response spectrum to earthquake accelerogram. In the first step, Hartley transform is used to decompose earthquake accelerograms, then a RBF neural network is trained to learn to relate the response spectrum to Hartley spectrum. Finally, the generated accelerogram using inverse discrete Hartley transform is obtained from target spectrum. Approximately 200 uniformly scaled horizontal ground motion records from recent Iran’s earthquakes are used to decompose with real Hartley transform and train networks.

The Hartley transform, a real-valued alternative to the complex Fourier transform, is presented as an efficient tool for the analysis and simulation of earthquake accelerograms.This paper is introduced a novel method based on discrete Hartley transform (DHT) and radial basis function (RBF) neural network for generation of artificial earthquake accelerograms from specific target spectrums. Acceleration time histories of horizontal earthquake ground motion are obtained by the capability of learning of RBF neural network to expand the knowledge of the inverse mapping from the response spectrum to earthquake accelerogram. In the first step, Hartley transform is used to decompose earthquake accelerograms, then a RBF neural network is trained to learn to relate the response spectrum to Hartley spectrum. Finally, the generated accelerogram using inverse discrete Hartley transform is obtained from target spectrum. Approximately 200 uniformly scaled horizontal ground motion records from recent Iran’s earthquakes are used to decompose with real Hartley transform and train networks.